Thirty years ago, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the USSR, disappeared, marking the end of the Cold War and of a process that had started at the end of the 1980s. Three decades later and 10 years later massive demonstrations against the power, Russia of Vladimir Poutine knows a hardening: political militants are imprisoned, worried by justice or harassed. Dozens of NGOs, media, rights defenders have received the status of ” foreign agent “. So today, as in the days of the Soviet Union, Russia has its dissidents. A good number of them live in exile in the states resulting from the breakup of the Soviet Union. Report in Paris and Vilnius by Anastasia Becchio and Elena Gabrielian.