(Finance) – Between 2020, the year of introduction, and 2022 the incentive for the hiring of workers benefiting from Basic income it concerned a total of 484 people: specifically, 138 people in 2020, 139 in 2021 and 207 in 2022. It is one of the elements that emerged from the observatory of employment and work policies published byInps. The observatory, which covers the period from 2018 to 2022, is divided into active, passive policies and other measures.
Until 2019 there was a general decrease in average number of workers, in particular those who benefit from incentives for permanent employment: this trend was significantly affected by the failure to extend the hiring incentives foreseen for 2015 and 2016 (three-year and two-year exemption) which contributed significantly to the increase in employment levels.
Still on the subject of policies activein 2020 new contribution concessions were introduced to try to address the employment emergency caused by the health emergency linked to the pandemic COVID-19among which the most relevant is the Decontribution South, which provides a contribution relief for employment in disadvantaged areas of the country. With the exception of the Southern Contribution Relief, the growth observed for 2020 becomes more incisive in 2021 for all the different categories of growth incentives which continues in 2022, confirming the Apprenticeship as the mainly used incentive (48%), followed by permanent contracts ( 36%).
In 2022 the number of workers will increase apprenticeship and theirs permanent transformations and continues the use of the new exemptions introduced by law 178/2020 in order to contain the continuation of the negative effects on employment due to the Covid19 epidemic (increase from 50% to 100% of the exemption for temporary hiring/conversions permanent contracts carried out in the two-year period 2021-2022 both with the exemption for young people and with the incentive for women). The number of is also growing workers hired on a fixed-term/seasonal basis in the tourism and spa sector and that of the stabilization of workers already engaged in socially useful work (ex LSU), as a consequence of the various stabilization procedures provided for by Law 160/2019.
With reference to distribution by gendernet of the new total exemption introduced for the hiring of women only, in 2022 the predominance of component male of beneficiaries of active policies in almost all types of intervention, with the exception of benefits for hiring to replace workers on compulsory or optional leave, for fixed-term benefits for those over fifty and women and for the stabilization of workers already engaged in socially employed work profits for which the majority is instead component female. The gender difference is completely non-existent for the permanent hiring of over-50s and women and for the total exemption for new fixed-term hiring in the tourism sector.
Observing the distribution at territorial level, in 2022 apprenticeship contracts, as well as stabilizations and permanent incentives are present above all in the North of the country (56%, 55% and 57% respectively). The Southern Contribution Reduction, however, due to its specific purpose, finds application in the regions of Southern Italy.
As for the policies passivein 2022 the number of treatments of NASpI was equal to 2,010,954, with an increase compared to the previous year of 19.5% (21.7% for males and 17.8% for females). Agricultural unemployment payments, equal to 532,090 in 2022, recorded a decrease of -4.4% compared to the previous year. For the services of DIS-COLL in 2022, however, a positive change was recorded compared to the previous year: overall treatments amounted to 21,286 with an increase of 27.2% compared to 2021.
Analyzing the composition For age class of unemployment treatments in 2022, we can note that for NASpI and DIS-COLL the age group in which the greatest number of treatments is concentrated is between 25 and 34 years (26% for NASpI and 42% respectively for DIS-COLL). The age composition of agricultural unemployment benefits is very different, with the modal class being that of individuals over 54 years of age (24%).
With reference to territorial distribution of treatments, in 2022 the geographical distribution in which we find the greatest number of NASpI treatments is the North with 41%, but despite the different concentration of workers on the national territory, in the South and in the Islands there is still a slightly lower percentage ( 40% of the total treatments). Just under half of the DIS-COLL treatments are concentrated in the South and the Islands (47%), while for agricultural unemployment at South 68% of the total treatments are concentrated. With reference to the distribution of the number of treatments NASpI for classes of theoretical duration of the benefit, in 2022 it can be observed that in only 14% of cases the benefit has a theoretical duration greater than or equal to 21 months and that in 32% of cases the theoretical duration is greater than or equal to 12 months.
Finally, the “other measures” section includes the mobility allowance. Over the five-year period of observation, the phenomenon presents a strongly decreasing trend. This is mainly due to the process of harmonization of the unemployment benefits provided for by law 92/2012 which led to the definitive suppression of the mobility allowance from 1 January 2017. The overall number of workers who benefit from the mobility allowance as of 31 December 2022 amounts to 2,476 units. Compared to 31 December 2021, the change at a national level shows a decrease of -22.4%, a trend found in all territorial areas. With respect to gender, the male presence in 2022 (1,887 beneficiaries) is always more significant than the female presence (589), and with reference to age, approximately 82% of the beneficiaries are over 49 years old.
Another measure is that of Socially Useful Workers (LSU). For workers engaged in socially useful work, the phenomenon continues to decrease throughout the observation period. As of December 31, 2022 the number medium Of perceivers of the subsidy amounts to 570 units with a change at national level of -48% compared to 2021. With reference to the geographical distribution, the South also in 2022 confirms itself as the area with the greatest presence of socially useful workers (84%). A low percentage is present in the Center and even less in the Islands while the phenomenon is completely absent in the North of the country.