A gene is a small portion of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, which carries the individual’s genetic information.
Genes are positioned in the absence of modification in the same place on a chromosome from one individual to anotherbut their expression is different. Each gene has the function of determining a special characteristic of an individual. Genes also have the particularity of being transmitted hereditarily from the father’s gene and that of the mother, generating common traits between parents and their children: same color of hair, eyes, but also unfortunately sometimes malformations if the transmitted gene is defective after having undergone a mutation, that is to say a change, or a translocation, modification of position on a chromosome.
What is a homeotic gene? Sometimes called architect genes, homeotic genes are the genes that determine the place of organs and limbs in the body. They are not only responsible for training, but also for organization. They were first discovered in the Drosophila fly. Their mutation makes it possible to replace one organ with another, for example antennae with legs. It is thanks to these genes that the segmentation of the embryo’s body takes place.