PFAS stands for per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances and began to be produced on a larger scale in the 1950s. There are approximately 10,000 different PFAS substances.
The PFAS molecules have special surface properties which are used, among other things, to make durable bubbles in fire foam, good sliding in ski wax and water-repellent impregnation for textiles, as well as in food packaging and frying pans.
In Sweden, we ingest low levels of PFAS primarily through food, for example via fish from polluted lakes. By using products or goods that have been treated with PFAS, the substance can also be absorbed through the skin.
People have also been exposed to higher levels in areas where drinking water has been contaminated with PFAS, for example from fire drills.
PFAS have several negative effects on health. For example, the kidneys, liver and cholesterol levels are affected. There are also studies that show that PFAS inhibits the body’s immune system, which increases the risk of infections and results in a reduced immune response to vaccinations. In addition, PFAS is linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer.
Together with Germany and Denmark, among others, Sweden has put forward a proposal for a total ban of PFAS within the EU. The ban shall apply to the production, use, sale and import of PFAS. It may not be in place until 2026–2027.
Within the EU, it has been prohibited to use the substance PFOS since 2008, and since 2020 it has been prohibited to use PFOA.
Sources: Chemicals Inspectorate, Karolinska Institutet, Occupational and Environmental Medicine in Lund and Gothenburg