Aleksandr Dugin speaks at the memorial service of his daughter Darya Dugin on August 23 (local time). ⓒAP Photo On August 23rd, at the Ostankino TV Center in Moscow, Russia, a memorial service was held to commemorate the nationalist activist Darya Dughina. On the night of August 20, three days ago, the car that Dudina was driving exploded on the road. She died at the age of 29. Dughina was an ardent supporter of President Vladimir Putin and was the editor-in-chief of a news site justifying Russia’s war. She also appeared frequently on TV current affairs programs. Last April, she accused the Russians of the Bucha massacre in Ukraine as manipulation. According to the Washington Post (August 23), hundreds of politicians, broadcasters and wealthy people gathered for a memorial service. Putin’s representative, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, House of Representatives International Affairs Committee Chairman Leonid Slutsky, media tycoon Konstantin Malofeev, Putin’s closest aide, Yevgeny Prigozin, owner of the Wagner Group (mercenary company) who took part in the secondary massacre etc. They unanimously decided to retaliate, saying, ‘Ukraine killed Duqina’. The culmination of the memorial service was a speech by Dugin’s father, Alexander Dugin, a prominent political philosopher. The couple were to attend an event outside Moscow on the day of the incident, and they were supposed to go by Dugin’s car. However, as Dugin got into another car, Dougin or her alone drove her father’s car. “(My daughter) wants you to fight for the great country, defend our beliefs and the Russian Orthodox Church,” Dugin said. Her daughter died for our people,” she concluded, saying, “She must defeat Ukraine.” Alexander Dugin’s nickname is ‘Putin’s brain, the prophet, Rasputin’. He is also called the ‘designer’ of Putin’s annexation of Crimea and the invasion of Ukraine. Some like Michael Millerman of the University of Ottawa, Canada, believe that Dugin laid the foundation for Russia’s ‘unofficial state ideology’. There is a strong view that the initial target for this bombing was also Dugin. The reason Dugin began to make his name known throughout Russia was an article titled ‘The Great War Between Continents’ written in the far-right newspaper Den in 1991. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Russians, who lost their status as superpowers and suffered from a sense of deprivation, once again presented a grand vision. According to him, the composition of the contemporary world order is a struggle between two global forces representing good and evil, respectively. ‘Evil’ is Western countries such as the United States that worship individualism and materialism. Dugin calls them maritime powers (‘Eternal Carthage’). The ‘good’ continental power that opposes this is a civilization that values the state, community, and public good rather than individual interests rather than individuals and material things. Its representative, Russia, is the ‘eternal Rome’ that inherited the ‘Christianity (Russian Orthodox Church)’ from ancient Rome to the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium). Dugin believed that the struggle between the two great powers ended only with the ruin of one. What must good (Russia) do to destroy evil (America)? Dugin’s alternative in this article is the ‘conservative revolution’. According to an article (‘Putin’s Brain’) in Foreign Affairs (March 31, 2014), a leading American international relations magazine, the best example of the conservative revolution suggested by Dugin was the ‘Republic of Salo (Benito Mussolini in northern Italy in 1943). It is a puppet state of Nazi Germany declared in Dugin’s ‘post-war European Order Initiative’ promoted by the Nazi pseudo-scientific group, Ahnenerbe (which tried to scientifically prove the German people’s domination of the ancient world and led human experiments in Jewish camps) and Hitler’s SS appreciate it According to this, Europe was going to be reorganized into a hierarchical international community in which countries defined by race would serve ‘Germany as a permanent residence’. A Russian military helicopter fires a missile over Ukraine on Aug. ⓒRussian Ministry of Defense video capture ‘Eurasiaism’ resembling the Nazi conception Jessie Dugin caused a stir with the book published in 1997. One of the core of this book, which has been so popular that it was sold in supermarkets, is ‘Eurasiaism’. Dugin’s Eurasia is not a simple geographical concept that refers to both Asia and Europe. Russia has a unique geographical position across Europe and Asia. Russia cannot converge in Europe or Asia. In the end, all Russia has to do to survive is to unite Europe and Asia into a Great Empire ruled by the Russian people. It is an idea that is in line with the Nazi ‘post-war European Order Initiative’. Dugin’s ‘Eurasia Empire’ is a concept that includes all the member states of the former Soviet Union, not only the former socialist bloc in Eastern Europe, but also the regency of the European Union (EU). To the east, the annexation of Manchuria, Xinjiang, Tibet and Mongolia is also in mind. In this book, Dugin proposes a concrete plan to defeat the evil forces (Western countries such as the United States) that stand in the way of Russia’s fate. In a word, it induces self-interference. As for the United States, it creates “all forms of instability and division” through “misinformation” and the like. The UK is at the same time antagonizing continental Europe (eg leaving the EU) and instigating separatist movements in Scotland, Wales and Ireland. Western Europe, such as Germany, uses natural resources such as energy and food as leverage to pull it toward Russia. The ‘anti-American’ and ‘anti-Western’ of Eurasianism are not simply for maximizing Russia’s national interests. What Dugin really hates is because it is ‘modern liberalism’ that has grown and matured in Western countries such as Europe and the United States and has spread all over the world. It is said that Eurasianism was originally an ‘anti-modern ideology’ that was formed among the fallen Russian aristocrats and intellectuals who migrated to Europe at the end of the 19th century. They hated the modern trends that emerged from Western Europe (individualism, human rights, market economy, democracy, the destruction of social hierarchy, the dissolution of theocentric worldview). Early Eurasianists did not regard exploitation as ‘the rule from God to emperor-cleric-noble-serf’, ‘male domination of women’, and ’empire, which means the rule of the vassal state of the lord’s country’. Rather, he viewed human spirituality as a ‘natural and beautiful order’ established over a long period of time, as well as a tradition (custom). According to them, modern liberalism was nothing but an ‘artificial order’ and ‘evil’ that went against the natural human nature and spirituality. Dugin claims to be the successor of early Eurasianism. The meaning of ‘conservative’ in the ‘conservative revolution’ he longs for is bound to be very different from the current conservatism in Western countries. Western conservatives fear big government and prioritize individual freedom. However, in Dugin’s conservatism, individuals are subject to national community and traditional values (class and gender) according to their positions. Relations between states should also follow the order of the empire. This anti-liberal perspective combined with the belief that ‘Russia = the world’s savior’ defines Russia as the leader of the anti-Western and anti-liberal United Nations. But there was an immediate task needed to realize Russia’s destiny to save the world. This is an appropriate treatment for Ukraine, which Putin has described as a ‘spiritual unity’ with Russia. In Dugin’s view, Ukraine’s complete independence was a decisive obstacle that prevented Russia from becoming a great empire with dominance in Asia and Europe. Dugin has already argued since the late 1990s that the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine should be captured. In 2008, Russia invaded Georgia. He put forward the pretext of an operation to protect pro-Russian citizens in the South Ossetia region of Georgia. According to Michael Millerman, Dugin, who was visiting South Ossetia at the time, said: “Our army will absorb all of Georgia, including the capital Tbilisi. Ukraine and Crimea, which are historically part of Russia, must also be captured.” Dugin, a professor at Moscow State University, instigates this in an article he even addressed to pro-Russian citizens in Ukraine in the 2010s. “Kill (the anti-russians)! Kill it! Kill it!” It is not surprising that many of Dugin’s claims since the 1990s were put into practice by President Vladimir Putin. Of course, there are surprisingly many cases where the mystical forces that speak out about spirituality approached political power. It is often argued that such a thing is happening in Korea as well. However, if the political power actively accepts and practices the opinions of the mystics at the national policy level, the problem will be different. “There is no Russian Empire without Ukraine” In fact, the extent of Dugin’s influence over Putin is one of the debates in the international academic community and in the media. Many of the Western media claim that there are numerous contexts for the ideological relationship between the two men, in addition to Dugin’s views on Crimea and Ukraine being realized by Putin with a lag of several years. It is not clear whether Putin is a follower of Dugin or whether he uses Dugin’s discourse according to his own desires and plans. However, it is difficult to deny the fact that Putin’s words seem to contain Dugin’s ideas. According to US CBS (April 12) citing John Dunlop, a senior research fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institute, Putin publicly stated in November 2000, “Russia has always been a Eurasian country,” after six months of his presidency. declared In 2011, Putin announced as the Prime Minister of Russia in his ‘Integration Project for Eurasia’, “based on new values, new politics and a new economic foundation” and “a powerful transnational coalition that will become the axis of the modern world (aka ‘Eurasia Union’). ” is suggested. Since the late 2000s, the phrase “Russia is a unique civilization with its own order” has been used. This is not to express pride in Russian traditional culture. It is said that universal values such as democracy, human rights, and freedom belong to Western countries, not ‘Russia’. In a speech just before the invasion of Ukraine, Putin justified Russia’s military operation in terms of the “Eurasia versus the West” clash of Iranian civilizations. In a video posted to Telegram shortly after the invasion of Ukraine, Dugin said, “Without Ukraine, Russia cannot be an empire once again.” On August 22, two days after the bombing, the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) claimed that the perpetrator was a Ukrainian secret agent. The Ukrainian side countered that it was a self-made play designed by Russia to revive the power of war. Conspiracy theories are rampant on social media that Dugin intentionally sacrificed his daughter or that it was an internal dissatisfaction attempt to overthrow Putin’s regime. Regardless of the truth, Dougina’s explosion is expected to act as an opportunity to intensify the situation of the war that had been at a standstill. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is calling for recapture of Crimea, and Russian leaders are calling for bloody revenge. On August 24, Ukraine’s Independence Day, the Russian army ravaged Chaplin, a small town in the eastern part of the country, killing about 50 people.
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