The crimes of espionage and unauthorized position with a secret mission fall under what is known as a crime against Sweden’s security.
Espionage, according to the law, is the intentional transfer, transmission or disclosure of secrets – such as defense matters – to a foreign power. The information, “the disclosure of which to a foreign power could mean but for Sweden’s security”, does not have to be true.
The penalty for espionage of the normal degree is a maximum of six years in prison, while aggravated espionage carries a prison term of between four and eighteen years or life.
If there is no intention to help a foreign power, the crime is instead an unauthorized position with a secret mission.
The penalty scale for such unauthorized holding of the normal rank ranges from fines to imprisonment for a maximum of two years. For serious crimes, the maximum sentence is four years.
You can also be sentenced for negligence with secret information, if the crime has been committed through gross negligence.
Source: Paragraphs 5–9, Chapter 9 of the Criminal Code, Swedish Constitution