The hepatitis B vaccine is now compulsory for all babies from the age of 2 months and can be taken as a catch-up until the age of 15. It is recommended for some adults. Names, number of injections, recall, possible effects…
In France, it is estimated that nearly 280,000 people are carriers of chronic hepatitis B and that this virus causes 1,500 deaths a year. Fortunately, there is a vaccine to protect against it. At what age should it be done? how many doses ? Should I call back? Which is the term of protection ? Is there a risk of‘Side effects ? Insight from Dr Valérie Rabier, specialist in infectious and tropical diseases at the University Hospital of Angers.
Why get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
“Hepatitis B is an infection that can be caught by different routes, including sexually and through blood. Also within the family home, when one of the members is a carrier of the hepatitis B virus, especially when everyday gestures like sharing cutlery, kissing, drinking from the same glass, sharing toiletries. It is therefore important that the population is protected from an early age.“, explains Dr. Valérie Rabier, pediatrician in Angers and specialist in infectious diseases. When we cannot get rid of the virus, it becomes chronic hepatitis which gives cirrhosis of the liver and cancers. “Getting vaccinated against hepatitis B is get vaccinated against liver cancer“, warns the specialist. As for the many controversies according to which this vaccine would give multiple sclerosis, we must ignore it. “Many studies were subsequently carried out on large cohorts in France and abroad and were against this doubt. This dates back to the 1990s, so we can be completely reassured in 2019“, confirms Dr. Valérie Rabier. The first vaccine used in humans against hepatitis B was invented in 1976 by the teacher Philippe Maupas, virologist at the Faculty of Tours.
Is the hepatitis B vaccine compulsory?
Vaccination against hepatitis B is mandatory in all infants since January 1, 2018 from the age of 2 months. It is included in hexavalent vaccines. It is also recommended in all children or adolescents up to the age of 15, who have not been vaccinated (catch-up). Adulthoodif you have a stable partner it is not necessary but if you have several, it is recommended as well as if you are planning an extended trip to an area still very affected like Africa.
What is the hepatitis B vaccination schedule?
► For infants: 3 doses at 2 months, 4 months and 11 months of age.
► For newborns of mothers with chronic hepatitis B: 3 doses. 1 dose at birth associated with the administration of specific immunoglobulins, then at 1 month and 6 months.
► For adults, teenagers and children : 3 doses, administered at intervals:
- at least one month between the 1st and 2nd dose;
- at least six months between the 2nd and 3rd dose.
How long does the hepatitis B vaccine protect?
The hepatitis B vaccine is very effective. Protection is very long lasting, probably lifetime (one can still catch hepatitis B by being vaccinated, but the risks are considerably reduced). There is no need for a reminder.
What is the composition of the hepatitis B vaccine?
The active substance of the hepatitis B vaccine is a surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus.
What are the trade names of the hepatitis B vaccine?
There are several bivalent, hexavalent or monovalent vaccines. The names of monovalent hepatitis B vaccines are Engerix-B And HBVAXPRO 10.
Should I do a reminder of the vaccine against hepatitis B?
“Once the primary vaccination has been done in childhood, there is normally no call back. Moreover, the fact of vaccinating in childhood strengthens our immunity in a lasting way against this infection. For staff who work in hospitals, we will measure their level of antibodies against this infection and we sometimes do reminders when we consider that their level of protective antibodies is not sufficient.“, observes Dr. Valérie Rabier.
What are the side effects of the hepatitis B vaccine?
“As with all vaccines, the injection may cause side effects such as fever, muscle aches or fatigue. It can also cause a local reaction such as redness and minor swelling.“, continues the specialist. However, in very rare cases, the injection can cause a serious allergic reaction manifested by a rash accompanied by itching, swelling of the eyes and face, difficulty in breathing or even a fall of blood pressure Faced with these symptoms, it is necessary to consult urgently.
What is the price of the hepatitis B vaccine? Is it reimbursed?
- Engerix B 20: 16.81 euros
- Engerix B10: 10.20 euros
- HBVAXPRO 10: 15.03 euros
- HBVAXPRO 5: 8.75 euros
All vaccines are reimbursed 65% by Health Insurance.
Thanks to Dr Valérie Rabier, pediatrician in Angers and specialist in infectious diseases.