HEAT MAP. 1 new departments are placed on heat wave yellow alert by Météo France (level 2 of the heat wave plan). This mainly concerns the West and the South of the country. Are you concerned? What does it consist of ? What are the 4 levels and the measures in place? What there is to know.
[Mis à jour le 11 juillet 2022 à 9h55] It will be hot everywhere in France this week. The mercury will rise over the days, but already 23 departments are placed in yellow heat wave vigilance by Météo France (level 2 of the heat wave plan). After the intense and deadly heat wave of 2003, the government set up a national heat wave plan to anticipate and prevent the risks associated with the heat wave. Level 1 of the heat wave plan is activated each summer from June 1 to September 15 in order to allow the Ministry of Health and Météo France to remain on active standby in the event of high heat. Thus, depending on the intensity of the heat waves, Météo France can place departments on yellow, orange or red heat wave vigilance by publishing a map. Then, the level 2, 3 or 4 heat wave plan can be activated by the prefects of the departments concerned. This year, France experienced its first heat wave in mid-June, and the level 2, 3, and even 4 heat wave plan in certain departments was triggered due to the intensity of this early heat wave episode.
Since Monday July 11, level 2 has been activated in 23 departments after the publication of the new Météo France heat wave vigilance map at 4 p.m. But this is only the beginning, the mercury will continue to climb gradually, and this heat wave is likely to last. Which departments are affected by this heat wave? As a reminder, the heat wave is defined by maximum temperature thresholds (day and night) 5 degrees higher than normal for the season, for at least 3 consecutive days and 3 nights.
The heat wave vigilance map of Météo France
What is the list of departments placed on heat wave vigilance by Météo France?
Meteo France placed this Monday, July 11, 2022 23 departments in heat wave yellow vigilance (level 2 of the heat wave plan). Here are the departments concerned:
- Aude
- Ardeche
- Ariege
- Charente
- Charente Maritime
- Two Sevres
- Drome
- Gard
- Gers
- Gironde
- Upper Garonne
- Hautes-Pyrenees
- Ille-et-Vilaine
- Landes
- loire Atlantique
- Lot et Garonne
- Maine et Loire
- Morbihan
- Pyrenees-Atlantiques
- Tarn
- Tarn et Garonne
- Vaucluse
- Vendee
What is the heat wave plan?
Following the deadly heat wave of 2003, the government decided to set up a National Heat Wave Plan (PNC). This heat wave plan is then activated each year from June 1 to September 15 in order to monitor seasonal weather conditions and to be able to act and warn in the event of a heat wave. This plan defines a total of 4 levels of alert, with for each of the measures to be put in place in order to limit the health effects and protect the most fragile people such as the elderly, infants, children, infants, pregnant women, etc. The heat wave plan also makes it possible to identify vulnerable and isolated people. During a heat wave, take the right steps.
What are the different alert levels of the heat wave plan in France?
The national heat wave plan defines 4 levels:
- Level 1: seasonal watch (green vigilance card) : this level is necessarily triggered from June 1 to September 30, but can exceptionally be set up earlier in the event of strong early heat or be extended in the event of a late heat peak.
- Level 2: heat warning (yellow vigilance card). This level is reached in two situations. In the event of a heat peak, when the heat is very intense over a short period (1 or 2 days) or during a longer episode of high heat, but below the alert threshold (level 3 orange). It is a period of heightened vigilance. If your department is placed in yellow vigilance, be attentive and careful. These situations can present risks for your health and that of those around you, especially for the most fragile people (infants, elderly people, pregnant women, etc.), but also for certain people because of their working conditions.
- Level 3: heatwave alert (orange vigilance card) : we can now speak of a heat wave. As a reminder, a heat wave is defined by temperatures during the day, but also at night reaching or exceeding the departmental thresholds for at least 3 consecutive days. Who can trigger level 3? Météo France has drawn up a meteorological vigilance map (orange vigilance). Therefore, the prefects of departments can trigger level 3 of the heat wave plan in order to avoid a health crisis due to very high temperatures, to protect the most vulnerable people.
- Level 4: maximum mobilization (red vigilance card): this corresponds to an extreme heat wave due to its intensity, duration or geographical extension. The health risk is then very important. Additional measures are in place to protect those most at risk and avoid collateral damage.
What actions are implemented during the heat wave plan?
Each level of the heat wave plan corresponds to a very specific system piloted by Public Health France, with the Ministry of Health and Prevention, in order to raise awareness and inform French people of the risks associated with each level of vigilance, of the precautions to be taken in the event of heat waves, to protect the most vulnerable (infants, pregnant women, elderly people, etc.) or those most exposed to heat due to their work, and thus avoid a health crisis. Here are the actions taken:
- Level 1 : meteorological and health monitoring is in place, and the “heatwave info service” telephone call platform is open during periods of high heat, from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. You can call 0 800 06 66 66 free of charge to find out about the situation and find out about the health recommendations to follow during an episode of high heat.
- Level 2 : monitoring is reinforced and the various departments concerned are preparing in the event of a transition to level 3.
- Level 3 : it allows in particular to put in place measures for the most vulnerable people, ie the elderly, people suffering from an illness and pregnant women. When level 3 is reached, the prefect can take the necessary measures provided for in the Departmental Heatwave Management Plan (PGCD): set up appropriate communication to prevent risks and actions to adopt (hydration, cooling down …), activate the heat wave register in the town halls to identify all people vulnerable to the heat wave and wishing to be monitored and contacted by the town hall services. A telephone call center (3975) has been set up and thus makes it possible to contact people in a fragile situation who have registered beforehand or whose condition has been reported. For these people, specific refreshed rooms are also available between 2 p.m. and 6 p.m. For everyone, refreshed rooms are freely available in some town halls at the same time slots. Measures are also taken in establishments welcoming the elderly or disabled, but also for homeless people…
- Level 4: this extreme heat wave situation requires the implementation of exceptional measures. The Minister of the Interior is then responsible for managing the heat wave, and the mobilization of the government is maximum with the activation of the Interministerial Crisis Unit (CIC) the activation of the Interministerial Crisis Unit (CIC) which brings together all the ministries concerned.