German scientists use bacteria capable of producing electricity from sunlight. A biological technology that would eventually make it possible to make real “lively” solar panels.
Traditional solar panels, of a photovoltaic type, could soon be joined by a new fascinating technology: “lively” panels, composed of photosynthetic bacteria. These microscopic organisms, at the heart of an innovation called “biophotovoltaic” (BPV), can indeed transform sunlight into electricity while contributing to the fight against climate change. A scientific study published in Environmental Science and Ecotechnology By researchers from the Helmholtz Center in Leipzig, Germany, explains how these small natural power plants work and why they represent a promising advance for renewable energy.
At the heart of this technology is a bacteria called synechocystis. For billions of years, this organization has mastered photosynthesis, a natural process which allows it to capture solar energy and decompose water molecules with oxygen, protons and electrons. The researchers managed to recover these electrons to generate electricity thanks to special electrodes. What is even more impressive is that this energy production absolutely does not disturb bacteria, which continue their lives normally.
In fact, unlike silicon solar panels, these biophotovoltaic systems are alive, which gives them several advantages. First, bacteria reproduce themselves and can even repair their own damaged cells. This reduces maintenance needs and extends the lifespan of installations. Then, living panels have the capacity to maintain a stable chemical balance, without requiring expensive regulation systems. These qualities make technology potentially more economical and lasting in the long term.
It’s not all! Because in their photosynthesis process, these bacteria capturing carbon dioxide. thus reducing the quantity of CO₂ in the atmosphere. The environmental impact is double. Not only do these organic panels produce clean electricity, but they also act as air purifiers by absorbing CO₂. This double role opens up exciting perspectives for the cities of tomorrow, where the facades of buildings could be covered with these panels, thus helping to reduce the carbon footprint of urban areas while generating energy.
Although the electricity production of these panels remains less than that of traditional solar panels, the researchers are optimistic. They think that process optimization could improve energy efficiency, making these panels more competitive. In addition, their integration into architecture, for example in the form of roof tiles or wall coverings, would make it possible to exploit surfaces so far unused for energy production.
This biophotovoltaic technology, although in development, could revolutionize the way in which we produce and consume energy. The buildings of the future could not only be self-liking in electricity, but also purifying air, thus opening the way to lasting habitats in harmony with nature.