The pepper heats and tingles the tongue and mouth. But is it really a burn? Are our taste buds in danger? Our expert answers.
Harissa, tabasco, sriracha, Indian curry, accras, rougail, arrabbiata pasta, chili… Chili pepper adds flavor to dishes and sauces. It is one of the most consumed spices in the world. However, we tolerate it more or less well and for good reason, pepper stings and causes a burning sensation in the mouth, which can be very unpleasant for some.
Our brain is being “tricked”
The power and the spicy sensation caused by the pepper comes from a chemical compound called the capsaicin. In humans, capsaicin activates certain receptors – ionotropic receptors – which are located on the oral mucous membranes. “Activation of these receptors causes a stinging, burning sensationbut it is not a physical burn, but rather aa burning sensation. Our brain is somehow “tricked” and indicates pain without there being any real damage to the tissues : it’s a cerebral reflex”, explains Benjamin Ligeon, creator of theSpice Islandsite specializing in the online sale of spices. Moreover, the consumption of pepper is not accompanied, in the mouth, by the typical characteristics of a burn such as a blister, redness or blistering. “We find a similar sensation with mint which causes a feeling of freshnessr. What we do know is that there is no evidence to date that chili peppers can cause permanent damage to the taste buds and mucous membranes, the only effects are temporary and benign” he reassures.
In response to the burning sensation received by the brain, the consumer may feel:
- “A temporary sensitivity of the taste buds that may reduce the ability to taste other flavors for a while after eating the chili pepper“
- a slight inflammation of the taste buds which will regress over the days
- “desensitization of capsaicin receptors during excessive consumption of chili peppers, which explains why people who often consume chili peppers tend to eat more and more potent peppers“.
Caution should be exercised in the event of pre-existing health concerns: asthma, digestive problems… Chili pepper could have a harmful effect and make the situation worse. If there is an underlying pathology, seek advice from your doctor.