Takayasu arteritis is a rare type of vasculitis characterized by inflammation of large blood vessels. This disease specifically damages the aorta and its main branches, which carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body. In Takayasu arteritis, inflammation occurs in the walls of these large arteries, which can cause the vessels to narrow and restrict blood flow.
The exact cause of the disease has not yet been clearly determined. However, current research suggests that genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune system factors may contribute to the development of Takayasu arteritis.
What is Takayasu arteritis?
Arthritis is a general term that describes inflammation of the arteries or veins that carry blood away from the heart.
Takayasu arteritis (TAA) is a rare type of vasculitis that causes inflammation of large to medium-sized blood vessels. This inflammation usually affects the branches of the aorta, which include the vessels that supply blood to the arms and brain. The aorta itself is also often affected. Takayasu arteritis can cause the vessels to narrow or block, leading to serious health problems such as heart failure, stroke, and high blood pressure. If a person has no obvious symptoms, treatment may not be necessary.
What are the symptoms of Takayasu arteritis?
Takayasu arteritis presents with a variety of symptoms, usually caused by reduced blood flow to the arms, legs, or kidneys. Symptoms of Takayasu arteritis may include:
- Quick fatigue and weakness in arms and legs
- General fatigue and weakness
- Headaches and dizziness
- Fever and weight loss
- Pain in muscles and joints
- Feeling faint and visual disturbances
- Risk of heart attack and stroke
- Hypertension
These symptoms may reflect a variety of health problems caused by inflammation and narrowing of the blood vessels.
How is Takayasu arteritis treated?
Takayasu arteritis treatment requires various treatment methods to control the inflammation. The inflammatory process can usually be managed with medications, but when the disease progresses, surgery may be needed to fix the blocked arteries. The treatment methods that can be applied for Takayasu arteritis are:
- Corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs: Used to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms.
- Balloon angioplasty: A procedure used to widen narrowed or blocked arteries.
- Stent placement: A stent is placed inside the narrowed artery to prevent re-blockage of the arteries.
- Bypass surgery: In cases where the blockage is severe, an alternative route can be created to divert blood flow.
In addition, patients are advised to pay attention to a healthy diet and to exercise regularly. In addition, regular doctor check-ups are critical to monitoring the course of the disease and optimizing the treatment process.