firmwareIt is a critical component that works with hardware and software in the digital world. Essentially, it is a type of software that serves as the basic level of programming required to run a device when it is turned on. Firmware is responsible for controlling the basic functions of electronic devices, such as operating them, activating displays, connecting them to other devices, and more. It is stored in secure, non-volatile memory to ensure device operation.
Let’s clear things up by taking a closer look at the firmware, how it works and how everyday users interact with it on phones and other devices. When we’re done, you’ll know what this means and how integral it is to our electronic devices.
What is firmware?
Hardware refers to the physical components of our computing devices, while software refers to the actual programs written for the devices using code. Pretty simple, right? But there is also firmware, which is a special type of software that every electronic device needs.
Firmware defines the basic level of software required to run a device when it is turned on. It is the code that controls the basic elements that electronic devices need to perform their basic functions, such as starting up screens, turning on screens, and connecting to other devices. Because firmware is important, it is stored in secure, non-volatile memory. If the firmware is deleted, the device may become inoperable. If you’ve gone into the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) or the newer UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) on your computer to change settings or reboot, you’ve already checked out some of the firmware.
Firmware also has a long history, although the term is not used as frequently among average users as hardware and software. The term dates back to a phrase coined by Ascher Opler in the late 1960s to describe software that is an integral part of operating hardware.
Here are some important points about firmware:
- Firmware Examples: Almost all electronic devices have firmware. This includes items such as keyboards, refrigerators, thermostats, washing machines, smart devices (such as smart lights), speaker systems, alarm clocks, computers, digital cameras, GPS trackers, and electronic watches.
- Firmware on Android Phones: On Android phones, first of all, there is firmware installed on the device. This firmware allows the phone to be turned on, the screen activated, and various hardware components such as speakers and camera tested for functionality.
- Difference Between Firmware and Operating System: Firmware operates at a lower level than the operating system (OS) and interacts directly with the hardware. It gets the hardware ready and can then hand over control to the operating system. While firmware performs basic hardware functions, the operating system manages higher-level software and user interactions.
- Drivers and Firmware: Drivers are special software that controls certain hardware components and connects them to the operating system. Although they are not firmware, they are often considered part of the operating system. It is often easier for users to check, replace or update drivers.
- Firmware Updates: Firmware is typically stored in protected memory and can be read-only, making it less susceptible to frequent changes. However, firmware updates are made to fix bugs, improve reliability, and add features. Major operating system updates may also include firmware updates.
- Security of Firmware: Firmware is generally more secure from attacks than regular software due to barriers that prevent unauthorized access. However, firmware vulnerabilities and attacks can have significant consequences. Remote server or device management may pose risks.
- Firmware Development: Developing firmware requires special training, especially for complex devices. Certified firmware engineers must understand hardware architecture, device functions, and manufacturer-specific code requirements. Firmware development has become more accessible over time, but still varies depending on the complexity of the device.
Firmware is a critical part of the technology ecosystem and plays an important role in ensuring the proper functioning of electronic devices. Understanding its importance can help users appreciate the role it plays in their daily devices.