Pollution: 2 hours in traffic exposes you to brain damage

We knew until now the dangers of fine particles on health, even the appearance of cancers. But the effect of pollution on the brain remains a relatively unknown area. However, in addition to having a negative impact on our mental health, the traffic jams and pollution generated at this time would also deteriorate our brain functions. This is what researchers from the University of British Columbia inform us after a series of works published in the journal Environmental Health.

Impaired brain network connectivity

To better understand the neurobiological underpinnings of this exposure, the researchers recruited 25 healthy adults, whom they voluntarily exposed for 2 hours to diesel engine exhaust and filtered air at different times, in laboratory. Before and after each exposure, they measured their brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The team analyzed changes in the Brain’s Default Mode Network (DMN), a set of interconnected brain regions that play a role in memory and internal thought.

And according to their observation, a decrease in the functional connectivity of the brain is observed in many regions of the cerebral network, after two hours of exposure. Connectivity, however, returned to normal after the experience.

Long-term neurobiological effects remain unknown

The study provides the first evidence in humans, from a controlled experiment, of impaired brain network connectivity induced by air pollution.

And this observation does not reassure the researchers. “We know that impaired functional connectivity in the DMN has been associated with reduced cognitive performance and symptoms of depression, so it is concerning that traffic pollution interrupts these same networks. are necessary to fully understand the functional impacts of these changes, it is possible that they may alter people’s thinking or their ability to work“, said Jodie Gawryluk, author of the study.

Avoid exposure to exhaust gases as much as possible

Further proof according to Chris Carlsten, co-author of the research, of the need to protect yourself as much as possible from exhaust gases and air pollution. “People should think twice about getting stuck in traffic with the windows down. It’s important to make sure your car’s air filter is in good shape, and if you’re walking or cycling on a busy street, consider taking a less polluted route”.

While this study only looked at the cognitive impacts of traffic-related pollution, Dr. Carlsten said other combustion products may certainly be involved:I expect we’ll see similar effects on the brain from exposure to other air pollutants, like wildfire smoke. With the increasing incidence of neurocognitive disorders, this is an important consideration for public health officials and policy makers.“.